With the development of textile processing technology, textile products with certain functions emerge constantly.Waterproof textiles or waterproof textiles that have the functions of moisture permeability, air permeability and heat preservation at the same time have been applied more and more in outdoor emergency clothing, fire protection clothing, canopies and medical protective clothing and other products.At present, there are many processing technologies for waterproof and moisture-permeable textile materials. The products produced by different finishing technologies have different waterproof and moisture-permeable effects.

There are many testing methods to determine the waterproof performance of textiles at home and abroad, but they are mainly divided into two aspects. One is to determine the surface resistance of textiles to be wetted by water, and the other is to determine the resistance of textiles to water penetration.There are ISO, EN, AATCC, JIS, GB and other standards. Through comparison, it is found that the test method standards mainly include hydrostatic pressure method and spray method in principle.

Hydrostatic pressure method

ISO 811 and ISO 1420 are widely used in the world, and the standards of various countries are mostly formulated on the basis of these two standards.The test principles of ISO 811 and ISO 1420 are basically the same, both of which apply water pressure on the side of the sample to observe whether the sample penetrates. The difference is that ISO 811 is mainly for general fabrics, and ISO 1420 is for coated fabrics.In addition, in the expression of the experimental results, two standard also exists certain difference, ISO 811 is to continue to increase the water pressure in the test, until the sample in three water seepage, record the pressure value as the test results, while the ISO 1420 in the regulation of water pressure under the condition of keeping a period of time, such as sample no water seepage phenomenon occurred, suggests that sample through the test.

Spray method

At present, the standard of testing the waterproofing of textiles by spraying is divided into vertical spraying and horizontal spraying according to the spraying position.By observing the wettability degree of the sample surface, it was rated.The rating is divided into 5 grades, of which 5 grades indicate no wetting on the surface of the fabric, and 1 grade indicates all wetting on the surface of the fabric.The testing principles of ISO 18695 and ISO 9865 are different from those of ISO 4920. The method stipulated by ISO 18695 is to determine the resistance of the fabric to water penetration. It only takes the water amount that penetrates the sample during the test as the test result, and there is no requirement for the surface rating of the sample.In addition to rating the wettability of the sample surface, ISO 9865 also takes the sample water absorption as one of the test results.

FZ/T 01038-1994, China's industry standard, was formulated on the basis of referring to AATCC 42-1985. The test methods were divided into A method and B method, which were more than AATCC 42 in terms of surface rating requirements and calculation of spray time and flow rate when the sample was penetrated.

ISO 22958 and GB/T 23321 is to use a horizontal spray to the method of determination of resistance to water penetration fabric sample, suitable for all kinds of waterproof (or water repellency) through and not through a finishing of fabric, especially suitable for strong waterproof performance of the fabric, test principle for back side with blotting paper under prescribed conditions of the samples (quality is known) water spray 5 min, and then to weigh the quality of the blotting paper, through the increase of water absorbent quality to determine the quality of the water permeability in the process of test sample.Cut at least 3 samples from the test fabric, each with a size of approximately (200×200) mm.GB/T 23321 is formulated on the basis of modified ISO 22958. The technical parameters are basically the same, but the water temperature in the test is slightly different.

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