Factors affecting fabric pilling:

I. fiber performance and yarn structure

1. Fiber crimp

The more the crimp waveform of the fiber, the fiber is not easy to stretch when twisting, the fiber is easy to loose and slip in the friction process, forming wool on the surface of the yarn, for this reason, the better the crimp of the fiber, the easier the pilling.

2. Fiber thickness

The finer the fiber, the more fiber tips are exposed to the yarn surface and the softer the fiber. Therefore, fine fibers are easier to entangle and pilling than coarse fibers.

3. Fiber length

Short fibers are more prone to pilling than long fibers. In addition to the influence of more fiber tips, the friction force and cohesion between long fibers are larger, making it difficult for fibers to slide to the surface of the fabric and thus to entangle into a ball.

4. Twist of yarn

Yarns with a high degree of twist are closely held and have high friction. When the yarns are subjected to friction, the fibers slip from the yarns relatively little and pilling is reduced.However, for woolen sweaters, because they are flexible fabrics, too much twist will stiffen the fabric, and therefore, raising the twist cannot prevent pilling.

5. Yarn surface finish

The more smooth the yarn surface, the shorter and less plush surface, so smooth yarn is not easy to pilling.

6. Yarn strength, bending resistance and abrasion resistance

High fiber strength and the flexural rigidity is not easy pilling, but repeated bending resistance, high abrasion resistance capability of the fiber, is not easy to fall off after friction into a ball, polyester is so so, so easy to pilling is the shortcoming of polyester knitted fabric, easy curved fiber in the friction process are intertwined into a ball, as a result, coarse fiber is not easy pilling than fine and soft fibers;Some fibers before the formation of longer nap, has been worn off or broken, only a very short nap, it is not easy to pilling;Although some fiber to form a large number of small hair ball, but if repeated bending resistance and abrasion resistance strength of fiber is weak, the bulb on the surface of the fabric will soon fall off in the continue to friction, profiled wire is generally not easy pilling, because the bending stiffness is bigger, crude fiber finer fiber is not easy pilling, because it is not easy to bend.

7. Other

The end of the filament yarn has less short fibers and is not easy to pilling.The friction between the fibers of combed staple yarns is greater than that of coarse staple yarns.The deformed filament tow is loose without twist, and the free end is bent and exposed after fracture, so it is easy to tangle with each other, and it is easier to pilling than the normal filament tow.

Pilling tester determine the pilling and fuzzing property of textile which random tumble inside roller accorded with standard ASTM D3512. Along with the critically important cork liner and high-speed impeller for agitating the test samples for preset test time, compressed air is required to assist in the tumbling action.

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