Chinese standard: GB/T 3920

International Standard: ISO 105 X12/X16

American Standard: AATCC 8/AATCC 116

Japanese Standard: JIS L0849 Type I /Type II

Commonly used rubbing color fastness tester (the upper one is manual mode, the lower one is automatic mode)

This equipment is suitable for rubbing color fastness test of conventional fabrics and large pattern printing area;

Equipment parameters: friction head diameter 16mm friction head pressure 9±10%N friction stroke: 104±3mm friction frequency: reciprocating 1 time/1 second

Applicable to standards: GB/T 3920, ISO 105 X12, AATCC 8, JIS L0849 Type I

Rotary Vertical Rubbing Fastness Tester

This equipment is suitable for some small-area printing, printing-colored textiles and yarns that cannot be tested by conventional rubbing fastness testers.

Equipment parameters: friction head diameter 16mm friction head pressure 11.1±1.1N

Applicable to standards: AATCC 116, ISO 105 X16

Surface rubbing color fastness tester

This equipment is suitable for rubbing color fastness test of conventional fabrics and large pattern printing area;

Equipment parameters: friction head 20X20mm, friction head pressure 2N, additional load: 200g, friction stroke: 20mm

Applicable standard: JIS L0849 Type II

Knowledge points of rubbing color fastness test

Sampling general rules:

Each color pattern of the sample is required to be tested;

Sample size and quantity:

Conventional rubbing color fastness tester: the minimum sample size is 50X130mm; 2 pieces each in the warp and weft directions. When used for AATCC series standards, take samples at a 45-degree angle along the warp and weft yarns, and take 2 pieces.

Rotary rubbing color fastness tester: The sample size is not less than 25X25mm; it is required that each color and pattern must be tested.

Surface rubbing color fastness tester: The sample size is not less than 30X220mm; 2 pieces each in the warp and weft directions.

Note: For the sample clipping of color fastness to rubbing, it is not necessary to clip it from the sample. As long as it is convenient to install the sample, the sample can not be clipped, so as to save the test time and improve the efficiency.

Conditioning of samples:

The test sample and the rubbing cloth used for the test, etc., need to be humidified for not less than 4 hours under the conditions of standard atmospheric pressure (temperature of 20 ° C, humidity of 65%); or raw materials with high moisture regain such as wool and cotton , the humidity adjustment time should be increased.

The humidity of the air will affect the friction coefficient of the fabric surface, and the humidity will also change the fiber shape in the micro state and change the stress area of the fabric surface. Humidity conditioning is a relatively important link, and humidity conditioning should not be abandoned in order to save testing time, especially for fabrics made from fibers with high moisture regain.

Moisture content of wet friction:

Except the moisture content of AATCC series standard is 65%, other standards are 95~100%.

Different moisture content of wet friction directly affects the test results of wet friction. The moisture content must be strictly controlled. After wetting and rubbing the small white cloth, be sure to complete the test within the specified time; otherwise, the water on the small white cloth will evaporate and reduce the moisture content because it is not used for a long time. affect the test results.

Friction times:

Conventional rubbing color fastness tester: it is 10 times of reciprocation, and the frequency is given as 1 reciprocation/second; the movement distance is 10cm.

Rotary rubbing color fastness tester: rotate the crank 20 times and the rubbing head rotates 40 times.

Surface rubbing color fastness tester: mainly used for JIS L0849 Type II, the number of times is 100 times, and the stroke is 20cm.

For example, when using a manual rubbing color fastness tester for testing, please pay attention to the starting and ending positions of the rubbing motion. Generally, when the rubbing cycle is exactly 10 reciprocations, we can place the starting point at the innermost position of the rubbing color fastness tester. In this way, when rubbing 10 times, it is easier to determine the position where the rubbing motion returns to the starting point.

Rating of color fastness to rubbing:

After all the tests are completed, the rubbing white cloth needs to be humidified in a standard atmospheric pressure environment for at least 4 hours before it can be rated.

For rating, the fuzz on the surface of the rubbing cloth must be removed with clear tape.

When rating, the rater needs to use D65 light source for at least 2 minutes; the sample is placed at 45 degrees to the light.

When rating, place 3 unused rubbing cloths on the back of the rubbing cloth as the base cloth.

Influencing factors of color fastness to rubbing

Physics:

Surface friction resistance of fabrics

For different fabrics, the surface friction resistance is different; such as: cotton, hemp, bamboo fiber fabrics, denim fabrics, pigment printing fabrics, etc., the surface is rough, and it is easy to accumulate dyes, coatings or dyes on the surface of the fabric during dry friction test. Other colored substances are ground down, and even some colored fibers are broken and colored particles are formed, which further reduces the color fastness to dry rubbing. For sanded or raised fabrics, the fluff on the surface of the fabric is at a certain angle with the surface of the friction cloth, which is not parallel, so that the frictional resistance of the friction head during reciprocating motion increases, and the drying resistance of such fabrics is increased. The color fastness to rubbing decreased.

Hydrophilicity of fibers

For most chemical fibers, they are water-repellent fibers; while natural fibers or natural cellulose fibers are mostly hydrophilic fibers. For water-repellent fibers, when rubbing, in the dry state, the friction is larger than that in the wet state; in the wet state, the role of water plays a certain lubricating role, thereby reducing the frictional resistance. Therefore, the dry rubbing color fastness of chemical fiber fabrics will appear lower than the wet rubbing color fastness. For hydrophilic fibers, the action of water will cause the fibers to absorb water and swell, thereby increasing the frictional resistance. This is the opposite of what happens with chemical fibers.

Chemistry:

There are many types of dyes, among which the samples dyed with reactive dyes such as water-soluble dyes are easily transferred to the rubbing white cloth during wet rubbing;

The saturation of dyes, when processing dark fabrics, an important concept is dye concentration. When the dye concentration exceeds the saturation value of the dye, there will be a certain amount of dye that cannot enter the interior of the fiber or combine with the fiber surface; these excess dyes will accumulate on the surface of the fabric to form floating colors. When the color fastness to rubbing is performed, these surfaces A large amount of floating color will be transferred to the rubbed white cloth to form serious staining.

Auxiliary, the use of auxiliaries generally follows: 1. Fixing the color; 2. Removing the floating color on the surface of the fabric; 3. Reducing the frictional resistance on the surface of the fabric.

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