The basic mechanical properties of fabric, including stretching, tearing, bursting and bending, etc., directly affect the durability (or fastness) of fabric, which is an important content to evaluate fabric quality.The basic mechanical properties of fabrics are related to the fiber, yarn and fabric structure.

1. Tensile properties of fabric

Tensile property index

Fracture strength and elongation at break

The breaking strength index of the fabric is usually N/5cm, that is, the force required to break the fabric with a width of 5cm.

Breaking work: When the fabric is stretched to breaking under the action of external force, the work done on the fabric by external force is called breaking work.The greater the breaking work, the stronger the fabric.

Tensile fracture mechanism of fabric

Woven fabric: yarn from warp to straight → yarn and fiber to thin

Knitted fabric: coil column rotation, coil arc elongation → fiber elongation

Factors affecting the tensile properties of fabrics

Fiber property: Low strength high stretch fabric is more wear - resistant.

Line density and structure of yarn

Warp and weft density and fabric structure

The higher the density of warp and weft is, the higher the strength will be.Among the three primary structures, plain weave fabrics have the highest breaking strength and elongation at break, by twill and satin.

2. Tearing performance of fabric

Tear performance index

Tearing strength (N)

Tear failure mechanism: tensile tear (trapezoidal method), shear tear (single seam method)

Factors influencing tear strength of fabric

Yarn properties: yarn strength, binding force, breaking elongation and friction

Fabric structure: plain weave is the least tearing strength, satin weave is the most tearing strength, twill is the second.

Fabric shrinkage: fabric shrinkage, fabric elongation, tear strength increase

Warp and weft density: Under the same yarn diameter, the fabric with low warp and weft density will tear stronger.

After finishing the fabric

The fabric split

Fabric slippage refers to the fabric in the process of use by external forces after the yarn transverse slip structure damage phenomenon.

The reason for fabric slippage: the friction coefficient of the fiber itself is small, high degree of straightness, hardness and bending rigidity is large, the fabric of the warp and weft density is small, loose fabric structure, less interlacing point.

Methods to prevent fabric slipping: improve the friction coefficient of the fiber, increase the warp and weft density and compact-degree of warp and weft, the use of finishing technology between the fiber to get good fixation and connection.

3. Bursting performance of fabric

Fabric bursting performance index: bursting strength, bursting elongation, bursting time

Factors affecting fabric bursting performance:The breaking elongation, weaving shrinkage and warp and weft density of warp and weft yarn

4. Bending properties of fabric

The bending properties of the fabric

Bending or flexural rigidity is the ability of a fabric to resist bending.

Factors influencing fabric stiffness:

Fiber properties

The yarn properties

Fabric geometry

After finishing

5. Fabric durability

The durability of fabric generally refers to the mechanical, thermal, optical, electrical, chemical, biological aging and other properties related to the service life of the material, as well as the durability of the fabric shape, color and appearance, namely the durability and stability of the fabric properties.

6. Fatigue resistance of the fabric

In general, the fabric under cyclic load or deformation, or static load significantly less than the breaking strength for a long time, the fabric fracture or damage, this phenomenon is called fabric fatigue.The ability of a fabric to resist fatigue is called fatigue resistance.

Static fatigue

Under the action of static tensile force, the properties of the fabric gradually decline to destruction

The dynamic fatigue

The fabric is subjected to repeated loading and unloading (the load is far less than the breaking load) of repeated tensile cycle, that is, under repeated external forces or elongation performance decline until destruction.

Factors influencing the fatigue resistance of fabric

Fabric construction

The fatigue resistance of the yarns that make up the fabric and even the fibers themselves

The working environment of the fabric

7. Wear resistance of the fabric

Abrasion resistance of fabric: flat, curved, flanged, composite

Wear mechanism of fabric:

The breaking of a fiber in friction

The fibers are drawn from the fabric

The fiber is cut and broken

Fiber surface wear

Main factors affecting the wear resistance of fabrics:

The properties and geometry of the fibers

The yarn properties

Fabric geometry

After finishing

8. Thread resistance of the fabric

Fabric hook

The phenomenon of fibers and yarns being pulled from the surface of a fabric by hook is called hooking.

9. Puncture and cutting resistance of the fabric

Pricking and cutting resistance of fabric refers to the ease with which the fabric is damaged by sharp objects or by cutting or composite action.

10. Aging resistance of fabrics

Fabric in the process of processing, storage and use, to be affected by light and heat, radiation, oxidation, hydrolysis, temperature and humidity and other environmental factors, so that the performance decline, and finally lose the use value, this phenomenon is called aging.The property of fabric resistance to aging is called aging resistance.

The aging of fabric is mainly manifested in the deterioration of mechanical properties such as the brittleness and elasticity of fabric;Fading, yellowing, dim luster, damage, enzyme spot and other appearance characteristics of the fabric;The degradation or disappearance of some of the original physical and chemical properties of the fabric.

11. Shape preservation of fabric

The shape preservation of the fabric usually refers to the performance that the fabric can maintain its original appearance characteristics in use, easy to use and easy to maintain.

It includes easy to wash and dry, easy to wash and wear, anti-wrinkle and anti-shrinkage, machine washable, not easy to stick and stain, not easy to fade and change color, and not easy to pilling, which belongs to the category of easy care.

12. Wrinkle resistance of fabric

Definition: Wrinkle resistance usually refers to the degree of crease recovery under the action of a force, known as crease (wrinkle resistance) recovery.

The reasons and main factors influencing the wrinkle resistance of fabrics

Fiber properties: the thicker and smoother the fiber, the rounder the section, the larger the elastic recovery rate, the smaller the friction coefficient between the fibers, the more mechanical locking before deformation, and the better the crease resistance of the fabric.

Yarn structure: Yarns with moderate twist have good wrinkle resistance.

Fabric geometry: thick fabrics have good wrinkle resistance.

Environmental conditions: when the temperature and humidity increase, the fabric wrinkle resistance becomes worse.

Methods to improve wrinkle resistance

The methods to improve wrinkle resistance should follow two basic mechanisms of wrinkle resistance, namely high elasticity of fiber and low friction or elastic connection between fibers.Such as resin finishing, add spandex, cotton mercerizing treatment.

13. Fabric tuck retention

Definition: the extent to which fabric pleats (including wrinkles and creases) are ironed to preserve its shape after washing.

The main factors that influence pleat retention

The stability of fiber structure and interfiber structure after shaping are the main factors that affect the tuck retention.The former is reflected in the fiber's high crystallization, high elasticity, high modulus, and the stability of bending form.The latter is reflected in the high frictional resistance and non-slip between the fibers.

Methods to improve fabric pleat retention

Increase the fabric tightness at the pleat and the connection between the fibers.

14. Drape of fabric

Definition: the degree and form of fabric sagging due to self-weight is called drape.

According to the use of the fabric can be divided into

Static drape

Static draping refers to the draping degree and draping state of fabric in its natural state.

Dynamic drape

Dynamic draping refers to the draping degree, draping form and flapping frequency of fabric (clothing) in a certain motion state.

15. Pilling of fabric

Definition: In the process of actual wear and washing, the fabric is constantly subjected to friction, so that the fiber end of the fabric surface is exposed to the fabric.If these hairs do not fall off in time during wear and use, they become entangled with each other and are crumpled into many spherical granules, often called "pilling".

The process of pilling: feather → pilling → entangling → clumping → tightening into a ball → falling off

The influencing factors of pilling

Static and dynamic mechanical properties of fiber: fiber with high toughness and good fatigue resistance is easy to pilling, such as chemical fiber

Fiber morphology and surface properties: coarse, irregular fiber is not easy to pilling, such as cotton, hemp

The elimination of pilling

Positive methods: Reduce the hairiness, control the bending stiffness of the fibers, and increase the interaction between the fibers in the fiber assembly, which can be achieved through spinning, weaving processing techniques and methods, and the use of special-shaped fibers.

Negative methods: Reduce the toughness and fatigue resistance of the fiber, and speed up the breaking off of the fiber ball.Use bonding, coating and singeing finishing to reduce the generation of hairiness and its initial hairiness.

16. Dimensional stability of fabric

Definition: Dimensional stability of a fabric is its resistance to dimensional change after dipping or washing and at higher temperatures.

17. Shrinkage of fabric

Definition: The shrinkage of length and width of fabric after soaking or washing and drying in normal temperature water is called shrinkage, or "shrinkage" for short.

The main factors affecting the shrinkage of fabric

Hygroscopicity of fibers

Tightness of yarn and fabric structure

Tension during fabric processing

The temperature

Methods to reduce the shrinkage of fabric: heat preshrinkage, fabric or garment washing water

18. Uneven shrinkage and distortion of fabric

Definition: the shrinkage performance of a fabric in the warp and weft direction or local area after normal or heat and humidity is called the non-uniformity of the shrinkage of the fabric.

Elimination of shrinkage and distortion of fabric

Increase fabric placement time

Additional heating setting

19. Fabric comfort

Comfortableness is the physiological feeling of the human body to the fabric, which is often evaluated by the discomfort of the human body to the fabric.

Fabric comfort includes: permeability, thermal and wet comfort, itchiness, static electricity and wet and cold stimulation.

20. Itchiness of fabric

Itchy sex is to show the prickle that fabric surface hair is pricked to the skin commonly painful and light prick, scratch pull, rub, make the person produces "prickly" comprehensive feeling, and go toward with "itch" give priority to.

Static stimulation of fabric

When people wear chemical fiber fabric and are in a relatively dry environment, when they take off clothes, clothing or contact with other objects or people, the phenomenon of electrical discharge will occur, causing physiological discomfort, nervous tension, and even feel electric shock pain.This effect is called electrostatic discharge or electric shock stimulation, or electrostatic stimulation for short.

21. Fabric safety

Fire and flame retardant function of fabric

Fireproof fabric

Flame retardant fabric

Biochemical protection of fabric

Biological protective

Chemical protection

Physical protection of fabric

Thermal protection

Light radiation protection

Electromagnetic radiation protection

High energy radiation protection

22.How to identify the fabric

The feel of fabric is an important content used to identify the quality of fabric.To be specific, the psychological reaction of the feeling of touching the fabric by hand is quite different due to the different varieties of the fabric and the different quality.Hand feel has the following aspects:

Whether the fabric body bone is crisp and loose

The smoothness and roughness of the fabric surface

The softness and hardness of the fabric

The thickness and thickness of the fabric

The cold and the warm of the fabric

Fabrics have an irritating or non-irritating feel to the skin

In addition, people can also rely on the effect of force, stretch by hand, grasp grain and other actions, and then through the eye observation, hand feeling, you can judge the fabric's elasticity, strength, wrinkle resistance and fiber type.But in general, feel is the most important tool in choosing fabrics and clothes.

We are mainly engaged in various fabric testing instruments, which can test the tear performance, rupture performance, flame retardant performance, etc. of the fabric. For more information, please pay attention to us.

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